Theoretical exploration of the phenolic compounds' inhibition mechanism of heterocyclic aromatic amines in roasted beef patties by density functional theory.

The ability of spices (bay leaf, star anise, and red pepper) and their characteristic phenolic compounds (quercetin, kaempferol, and capsaicin) to inhibit Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in roasted beef patties were compared. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to reveal phenolic compounds interacting with HAAs-related intermediates and free radicals to explore possible inhibitory mechanisms for HAAs. 3 % red chili and 0.03 % capsaicin reduced the total HAAs content by 57.09 % and 68.79 %, respectively. DFT demonstrated that this was due to the stronger interaction between capsaicin and the ß-carboline HAAs intermediate (Ebind = -32.95 kcal/mol). The interaction between quercetin and phenylacetaldehyde was found to be the strongest (Ebind = -17.47 kcal/mol). Additionally, DFT indicated that capsaicin reduced the carbonyl content by transferring hydrogen atoms (HAT) to eliminate HO·, HOO·, and carbon-centered alkyl radicals. This study provided a reference for the development of DFT in the control of HAAs.

Development of Efficient Synthetic Reactions Using Enamines and Enamides Carrying Oxygen Atom Substituent on Nitrogen Atom.

We have developed efficient synthetic reactions using enamines and enamides carrying oxygen atom substituent on nitrogen, such as N-alkoxyenamines, N,α-dialkoxyenamines, N-alkoxyanamides, and N-(benzoyloxy)enamides. The umpolung reaction by polarity inversion at the ß-position of N-alkoxyenamines afforded α-alkyl-, α-aryl-, α-alkenyl-, and α-heteroarylketones by using aluminum reagent as nucleophiles. Furthermore, one-pot umpolung α-phenylation of ketones has been also developed. We applied this method to umpolung reaction of N,α-dialkoxyenamine, generated from N-alkoxyamide to afford α-arylamides. The vicinal functionalization of N-alkoxyenamines has been achieved with the formation of two new carbon-carbon bonds by using an organo-aluminum reagent and subsequent allyl magnesium bromide or tributyltin cyanide. A sequential retro-ene arylation has been developed for the conversion of N-alkoxyenamides to the corresponding tert-alkylamines. The [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N-(benzoyloxy)enamides followed by arylation afforded cyclic ß-aryl-ß-amino alcohols bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon center. The resulting products were converted into the corresponding sterically congested cyclic ß-amino alcohols, as well as the dissociative anesthetic agent Tiletamine.

Functional Activity of Enantiomeric Oximes and Diastereomeric Amines and Cyano Substituents at C9 in 3-Hydroxy-N-phenethyl-5-phenylmorphans.

The synthesis of stereochemically pure oximes, amines, saturated and unsaturated cyanomethyl compounds, and methylaminomethyl compounds at the C9 position in 3-hydroxy-N-phenethyl-5-phenylmorphans provided µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists with varied efficacy and potency. One of the most interesting compounds, (2-((1S,5R,9R)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenethyl-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl)acetonitrile), was found to be a potent partial MOR agonist (EC50 = 2.5 nM, %Emax = 89.6%), as determined in the forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. Others ranged in potency and efficacy at the MOR, from nanomolar potency with a C9 cyanomethyl compound (EC50 = 0.85 nM) to its totally inactive diastereomer, and three compounds exhibited weak MOR antagonist activity (the primary amine 3, the secondary amine 8, and the cyanomethyl compound 41). Many of the compounds were fully efficacious; their efficacy and potency were affected by both the stereochemistry of the molecule and the specific C9 substituent. Most of the MOR agonists were selective in their receptor interactions, and only a few had δ-opioid receptor (DOR) or κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist activity. Only one compound, a C9-methylaminomethyl-substituted phenylmorphan, was moderately potent and fully efficacious as a KOR agonist (KOR EC50 = 18 nM (% Emax = 103%)).

Amine Switchable Hydrophilic Solvent Vortex-Assisted Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and GC-MS for the Enrichment and Determination of 2, 6-DIPA Additive in Biodegradable Film.

2, 6-diisopropylaniline (2, 6-DIPA) is a crucial non-intentionally organic additive that allows the assessment of the production processes, formulation qualities, and performance variations in biodegradable mulching film. Moreover, its release into the environment may have certain effects on human health. Hence, this study developed simultaneous heating hydrolysis-extraction and amine switchable hydrophilic solvent vortex-assisted homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the 2, 6-DIPA additive and its corresponding isocyanates in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) biodegradable agricultural mulching films. The heating hydrolysis-extraction conditions and factors influencing the efficiency of homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction, such as the type and volume of amine, homogeneous-phase and phase separation transition pH, and extraction time were investigated and optimized. The optimum heating hydrolysis-extraction conditions were found to be a H2SO4 concentration of 2.5 M, heating temperature of 87.8 °C, and hydrolysis-extraction time of 3.0 h. As a switchable hydrophilic solvent, dipropylamine does not require a dispersant. Vortex assistance is helpful to speed up the extraction. Under the optimum experimental conditions, this method exhibits a better linearity (0.0144~7.200 µg mL-1 with R = 0.9986), low limit of detection and quantification (0.0033 µg g-1 and 0.0103 µg g-1), high extraction recovery (92.5~105.4%), desirable intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation less than 4.1% and 4.7%), and high enrichment factor (90.9). Finally, this method was successfully applied to detect the content of the additive 2, 6-DIPA in PBAT biodegradable agricultural mulching films, thus facilitating production process monitoring or safety assessments.

Zinc N,N-bis(2-picolyl)amine Chelates Show Substitution-Dependent Cleavage of Phosphodiesters in Models as Well as of PNAzyme-RNA Bulges.

PNAzymes are a group of artificial enzymes which show promising results in selective and efficient cleavage of RNA targets. In the present study, we introduce a series of metal chelating groups based on N,N-bis(2-picolyl) groups (parent, 6-methyl and 6-amino substituted) as the active sites of novel PNAzymes. An improved synthetic route for the 6-amino analogues is described. The catalytic activity of the chelating groups for cleaving phosphodiesters were assessed with the model substrate 2-hydroxypropyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNPP), confirming that the zinc complexes have the reactivity order of parent < 2-methyl < 2-amino. The three ligands were conjugated to a PNA oligomer to form three PNAzymes which showed the same order of reactivity and some sensitivity to the size of the RNA bulge designed into the catalyst-substrate complex. This work demonstrates that the kinetic activity observed for the model substrate HPNPP could be translated onto the PNAzymes, but that more reactive Zn complexes are required for such PNAzymes to be viable therapeutic agents.

Catalysis driven by an amyloid-substrate complex.

Amine modification through nucleophilic attack of the amine functionality is a very common chemical transformation. Under biorelevant conditions using acidic-to-neutral pH buffer, however, the nucleophilic reaction of alkyl amines (pKa ≈ 10) is not facile due to the generation of ammonium ions lacking nucleophilicity. Here, we disclose a unique molecular transformation system, catalysis driven by amyloid-substrate complex (CASL), that promotes amine modifications in acidic buffer. Ammonium ions attached to molecules with amyloid-binding capability were activated through deprotonation due to the close proximity to the amyloid catalyst formed by Ac-Asn-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ile-Leu-NH2 (NL6), derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Under the CASL conditions, alkyl amines underwent various modifications, i.e., acylation, arylation, cyclization, and alkylation, in acidic buffer. Crystallographic analysis and chemical modification studies of the amyloid catalysts suggested that the carbonyl oxygen of the Phe-Gly amide bond of NL6 plays a key role in activating the substrate amine by forming a hydrogen bond. Using CASL, selective conversion of substrates possessing equivalently reactive amine functionalities was achieved in catalytic reactions using amyloids. CASL provides a unique method for applying nucleophilic conversion reactions of amines in diverse fields of chemistry and biology.

Generalized Multifunctional Coating Strategies Based on Polyphenol-Amine-Inspired Chemistry and Layer-by-Layer Deposition for Blood Contact Catheters.

Blood-contacting catheters play a pivotal role in contemporary medical treatments, particularly in the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, these catheters exhibit inappropriate wettability and lack antimicrobial characteristics, which often lead to catheter-related infections and thrombosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for blood contact catheters with antimicrobial and anticoagulant properties. In this study, we employed tannic acid (TA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to create a stable hydrophilic coating under mild conditions. Heparin (Hep) and poly(lysine) (PL) were then modified on the TA-APTES coating surface using the layer-by-layer (LBL) technique to create a superhydrophilic TA/APTES/(LBL)4 coating on silicone rubber (SR) catheters. Leveraging the superhydrophilic nature of this coating, it can be effectively applied to blood-contacting catheters to impart antibacterial, antiprotein adsorption, and anticoagulant properties. Due to Hep's anticoagulant attributes, the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time tests conducted on SR/TA-APTES/(LBL)4 catheters revealed remarkable extensions of 276 and 103%, respectively, when compared to uncoated commercial SR catheters. Furthermore, the synergistic interaction between PL and TA serves to enhance the resistance of SR/TA-APTES/(LBL)4 catheters against bacterial adherence, reducing it by up to 99.9% compared to uncoated commercial SR catheters. Remarkably, the SR/TA-APTES/(LBL)4 catheter exhibits good biocompatibility with human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture, positioning it as a promising solution to address the current challenges associated with blood-contact catheters.

A facile cellulose finishing strategy through in-situ growth of sliver-doped manganese dioxide assisted by amine-quinone for improving indoor living quality.

Nowadays, various harmful indoor pollutants especially including bacteria and residual formaldehyde (HCHO) seriously threaten human health and reduce the quality of public life. Herein, a universal substrate-independence finishing approach for efficiently solving these hybrid indoor threats is demonstrated, in which amine-quinone network (AQN) was employed as reduction agent to guide in-situ growth of Ag@MnO2 particles, and also acted as an adhesion interlayer to firmly anchor nanoparticles onto diverse textiles, especially for cotton fabrics. In contrast with traditional hydrothermal or calcine methods, the highly reactive AQN ensures the efficient generation of functional nanoparticles under mild conditions without any additional catalysts. During the AQN-guided reduction, the doping of Ag atoms onto cellulose fiber surface optimized the crystallinity and oxygen vacancy of MnO2, providing cotton efficient antibacterial efficiency over 90 % after 30 min of contact, companying with encouraging UV-shielding and indoor HCHO purification properties. Besides, even after 30 cycles of standard washing, the Ag@MnO2-decorated textiles can effectively degrade HCHO while well-maintaining their inherent properties. In summary, the presented AQN-mediated strategy of efficiently guiding the deposition of functional particles on fibers has broad application prospects in the green and sustainable functionalization of textiles.

In-situ growth of metal-organic frameworks on cellulose nanofiber aerogels for rapid adsorption of heterocyclic aromatic amines.

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are the main carcinogens produced during thermal processing of protein-rich foods. In this paper, a composite aerogel (TOCNFCa) with a stabilized dual-network structure was prepared via a template for the in-situ synthesis of UiO-66 on cellulose for the adsorption of HAAs in food. The dual-network structure of TOCNFCa provides the composite aerogel with excellent wet strength, maintaining excellent compressive properties. With the in-situ grown UiO-66 content up to 71.89 wt%, the hierarchical porosity endowed TOCNFCa@UiO-66 with the ability to rapidly adsorb HAAs molecules with high capacity (1.44-5.82 µmol/g). Based on excellent thermal stability, adsorption capacity and anti-interference, TOCNFCa@UiO-66 achieved satisfactory recoveries of HAAs in the boiled marinade, which is faster and more economical than the conventional SPE method. Moreover, TOCNFCa@UiO-66 could maintain 84.55 % of the initial adsorption capacity after 5 times of reuse.

N-Functionalization of ß-aminophosphonates: cytotoxic effects of the new derivatives.

ß-Aminophosphonates obtained by the Michael addition of primary amines to the double bond of diethyl vinylphosphonate proved to be suitable starting materials (amine components) in the Kabachnik-Fields reaction with formaldehyde and dialkyl phosphites or secondary phosphine oxides to afford N-phosphonylmethyl- and N-phosphinoylmethyl-ß-aminophosphonates. On the other hand, the starting aminophosphonates were modified by N-acylation using acid chlorides. The N-acyl products were found to exist in a dynamic equilibrium of two conformers as suggested by the broad NMR signals. At 26 °C, there may be rotation around the N-C axis of the acylamide function. At the same time, low-temperature NMR measurements at -5 °C revealed the presence of two distinct rotamers that could be characterized by 31P, 13C and 1H NMR data. The modified ß-aminophosphonic derivatives were subjected to a comparative structure-activity analysis on MDA-MB-231, PC-3, A431 and Ebc-1 tumor cell lines, and in a few cases, significant activity was detected.

Systematic evaluation of benzoylation for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of different analyte classes.

LC-MS is an indispensable tool for small molecule analysis in many fields; however, many small molecules require chemical derivatization to improve retention on commonly used reversed-phase columns and increase ionization. Benzoyl chloride (BzCl) derivatization is commonly used for derivatization of primary and secondary amines and phenolic alcohols, though evidence exists that with proper reaction conditions (i.e., specific bases), other hydroxyl groups may be derivatized too. Previous studies have examined BzCl concentration, reaction times, and reaction temperatures for derivatization of amines and phenols for LC-MS analysis; however, use of different bases, base concentration, and extending to conditions to hydroxyl groups for LC-MS analysis has not been well-studied. To address this understudied area and identify reaction conditions for both amino and hydroxyl groups, we performed a systematic study of reaction conditions on multiple classes of potential targets. For selected derivatization methods, detection limits and performance in a variety of biological matrices were assessed. Results highlight the importance of tailoring derivatization methods for a given application as they varied by molecule and/or molecule class. Compared to the standard BzCl method commonly used, alternative methods were identified to better derivatize challenging analytes (glucosamine, choline, cortisol, uridine, cytidine) with detection limits reaching 1100, 9, 38, 170, and 67 nM compared to undetectable, 170, 86, 1000, and 86 nM respectively. Sub-nanomolar detection limits were achieved for norepinephrine with alternative derivatization approaches. Improved derivatization methods for several classes and molecules including nucleosides, steroids, and molecules containing hydroxyl groups were also identified.

Insights into Aerosol Emission Control in the Postcombustion CO2 Capture Process: From Cluster Formation to Aerosol Growth.

Aerosols produced in the amine carbon capture process can lead to secondary environmental pollution. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate cluster formation, amine behavior, and aerosol growth of amines, essential for reducing amine aerosol emissions. Results showed that the cluster evolution process can be divided into cluster formation and growth in terms of molecular content, and the nucleation rate for the present systems was estimated in the order of 1028 cm-3 s-1. CO2 absorption was observed alongside successful nucleation, with CO2 predominantly localizing in the cluster's outer layer postabsorption. Monoethanolamine (MEA) exhibited robust electrostatic interactions with other components via hydrogen bonding, leading to its migration toward regions where CO2 and H2O coexisted within the cluster. While MEA presence markedly spurred cluster formation, its concentration had a marginal effect on the final cluster size. Elevating water content can augment the aerosol growth rate. However, altering the gas saturation is possible only within narrow confines by introducing vapor. Contrarily, gas cooling introduced dual, opposing effects on aerosol growth. These findings, including diffusion coefficients and growth rates, enhance theoretical frameworks for predicting aerosol formation in absorbers, aiding in mitigating environmental impacts of amine-based carbon capture.

Zero-Emission Cement Plants with Advanced Amine-Based CO2 Capture.

Decarbonization of the cement sector is essentially required to achieve carbon neutrality to combat climate change. Amine-based CO2 capture is a leading and practical technology to deeply remove CO2 from the cement industry, owing to its high retrofittability to existing cement plants and extensive engineering experience in industrial flue gas decarbonization. While research efforts have been made to achieve low-carbon cement with 90% CO2 removal, a net-zero-emission cement plant that will be required for a carbon neutrality society has not yet been investigated. The present study proposed an advanced amine-based CO2 capture system integrated with a cement plant to achieve net-zero CO2 emission by pushing the CO2 capture efficiency to 99.7%. Monoethanomaine (MEA) and piperazine/2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (PZ-AMP) amine systems, which are considered to be the first- and second-generation capture agents, respectively, were detailed investigated to deeply decarbonize the cement plant. Compared to MEA, the advanced PZ-AMP system exhibited excellent energy performance with a regeneration duty of ∼2.6 GJ/tonne CO2 at 99.7% capture, 39% lower than the MEA process. This enabled a low CO2 avoided cost of $72.0/tonne CO2, which was 18% lower than that of the MEA-based zero-emission process and even 16.2% lower than the standard 90% MEA process. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the zero-emission capture cost of the PZ-AMP system would be further reduced to below $56/tonne CO2 at a $4/GJ steam production cost, indicating its economic competitiveness among various CO2 capture technologies to achieve a zero-emission cement plant.

Amine functionalised graphene embedded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA-chitosan hydrogel composites.

A novel amine-functionalized graphene oxide (AFG) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (PVA-Ch) composite film was developed using an eco-synthesis approach, eliminating the need for halogenated compounds. The resulting AFG-doped PVA/Chitosan (PVA-Ch/AFG) polymer film exhibited promising properties for controlled delivery and biosensing applications. The investigation included assessing the swelling behaviour, dissolution percent, gel fraction, and mechanical properties of the polymer film. The swelling characteristics of PVA-Ch and PVA-Ch/AFG were found to be pH and temperature-dependent across various pH ranges (3, 5, 7, and 9). Interestingly, PVA-Ch/AFG demonstrated a stable swelling pattern at pH 5 and 7, unaffected by changes in chitosan concentration, indicating enhanced stability compared to PVA-Ch. The study also explored the use of PVA-Ch/AFG in a drug delivery system, revealing controlled release of the model antibiotic amphicillin, emphasizing its potential in medical applications. Furthermore, the eco-friendly synthesis route underscored the safety of PVA-Ch/AFG for use in food and medical applications. Biocompatibility assessments, including biodegradability studies and cytotoxicity tests on fibroblasts (3T3 cells), confirmed the safety profile of PVA-Ch/AFG. In conclusion, the study suggests that PVA-Ch/AFG holds promise for bio-sensing applications, offering a flexible and colorimetric platform capable of encapsulating, adsorbing, and desorbing biomolecules such as drugs and sensing compounds.

Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Amino Alcohol-Containing Compounds Utilizing Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Unprotected α-Ketoamines.

Herein, we disclose a facile synthetic strategy to access an important class of drug molecules that contain chiral 1,2-amino alcohol functionality utilizing highly effective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unprotected α-ketoamines. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis of shortage of many important drugs, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine, for the treatment of anaphylaxis and hypotension because of the increased demand. Unfortunately, the existing technologies are not fulfilling the worldwide requirement due to the existing lengthy synthetic protocols that require additional protection and deprotection steps. We identified a facile synthetic protocol via a highly enantioselective one-step process for epinephrine and a two-step process for norepinephrine starting from unprotected α-ketoamines 1b and 1a, respectively. This newly developed enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation was extended to the synthesis of many 1,2-amino alcohol-containing drug molecules such as phenylephrine, denopamine, norbudrine, and levisoprenaline, with enantioselectivities of >99% ee and high isolated yields.

Defective UiO-66/cellulose nanocomposite aerogel for the adsorption of heterocyclic aromatic amines.

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), arising as chemical derivatives during the high-temperature culinary treatment of proteinaceous comestibles, exhibit notable carcinogenic potential. In this paper, a composite aerogel (AGD-UiO-66) with high-capacity and fast adsorption of HAAs was made with anchoring defective UiO-66 (D-UiO-66) mediated by lauric acid on the backbone of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). AGD-UiO-66 with hierarchical porosity reduced the mass transfer efficiency for the adsorption of HAAs and achieved high adsorption amount (0.84-1.05 µmol/g) and fast adsorption (15 min). The isothermal adsorption model demonstrated that AGD-UiO-66 belonged to a multilayer adsorption mechanism for HAAs. Furthermore, AGD-UiO-66 was successfully used to adsorb 12 HAAs in different food (roasted beef, roasted pork, roasted salmon and marinade) with high recoveries of 94.65%-104.43%. The intrinsic potential of AGD-UiO-66 demonstrated that it could be widely applicable to the adsorption of HAAs in foods.

One-Step Construction of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with Anticancer Activity from Tertiary Amines via a Sequential Copper(I)-Catalyzed Oxidative Ugi/aza-Wittig Reaction.

An unparalleled copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from tertiary amines in one step has been described. The one-pot reactions involving (N-isocyanimine)triphenylphosphorane, tertiary amines, and carboxylic acids resulted in the formation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in moderate to good yields through a consecutive oxidative Ugi/aza-Wittig reaction, enabling the direct functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds adjacent to the nitrogen atom. This method offered several notable advantages, including ligands-free, exceptional productivity and a high functional group tolerance. The preliminary biological evaluation demonstrated that compound 4f inhibited hepatoma cells efficiently, suggesting potentially broad applications of the approach for synthesis and medicinal chemistry.

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Selegiline: An Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Approach.

(R)-Homobenzylic amines are key structural motifs present in (R)-selegiline, a drug indicated for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease. Herein, we report a new short chemoenzymatic approach (in 2 steps) towards the synthesis of (R)-selegiline via stereoselective biocatalytic reductive amination as the key step. The imine reductase IR36-M5 mutant showed high conversion (97%) and stereoselectivity (97%) toward the phenylacetone and propargyl amine substrates, offering valuable biocatalysts for synthesizing alkylated homobenzylic amines.

Native Amino Group Directed Meta-Selective C-H Arylation of Primary Amines Via Pd/Norbornene Catalysis.

The selective functionalization of remote C-H bonds in free primary amines holds significant promise for the late-stage diversification of pharmaceuticals. However, to date, the direct functionalization of the meta position of amine substrates lacking additional directing groups remains underexplored. In this Letter, we present a successful meta-C-H arylation of free primary amine derivatives using aryl iodides, resulting in synthetically valuable yields. This meta-selective C-H functionalization is achieved through a sequence involving native amino-directed Pd-catalyzed seven-membered cyclometalation, followed by the utilization of a norbornene-type transient mediator.

Preparation of novel shell-ionotropically crosslinked micelles based on hexadecylamine and tripolyphosphate for cancer drug delivery.

AIMS: Micellar systems have the advantage of being easily prepared, cheap, and readily loadable with bioactive molecular cargo. However, their fundamental pitfall is poor stability, particularly under dilution conditions. We propose to use simple quaternary ammonium surfactants, namely, hexadecylamine (HDA) and hexadecylpyridinium (HDAP), together with tripolyphosphate (TPP) anion, to generate ionotropically stabilized micelles capable of drug delivery into cancer cells. METHODS: optimized mixed HDA/HDAP micelles were prepared and stabilized with TPP. Curcumin was used as a loaded model drug. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, their cellular uptake was assessed using flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: The prepared nanoparticles were found to be stable under dilution and at high temperatures and to have a size range from 139 nm to 580 nm, depending on pH (4.6-7.4), dilution (up to 100 times), and temperature (25 - 80 °C). They were effective at delivering their load into cancer cells. Additionally, flow cytometry indicated the resulting stabilized micellar nanoparticles to be non-cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS: The described novel stabilized micelles are simple to prepare and viable for cancer delivery.